Orientation

The Baecher DFN Wizard has the following three options to define the Orientation of a DFN Set:

• Constant
• Fisher distribution
• Bootstrapping

Constant

If Constant is selected, then you need to specify the Dip (°) and Dip direction (°). The orientation of the joints in this DFN Set will be defined by the specified Dip and Dip direction and will not vary. Dip ranges between 0 to 90 degrees and Dip Direction ranges between 0 to 360 degrees

Fisher Distribution

If Fisher is selected, then you need to specify the Mean dip (°), Mean dip direction (°), and K value of the Fisher distribution. You can also click the Use project statistics button to automatically populate these values according to the selected Data source. For example, if the selected Data source for a DFN Set is Set 1, then the Mean dip, Mean dip direction, and K of Set 1 will be used. Mean dip ranges between 0 to 90 degrees and Mean dip direction ranges between 0 to 360 degrees. K values must be greater than 0.

Bootstrapping

Bootstrapping samples directly (with replacement) from the actual orientation data of the selected Data source. A noise parameter can be defined to provide some variation in the data and must be greater than 0 (this is analogous to a Fisher K value). Bootstrapping ensures that the distribution of the true data is preserved in the DFN Set. Bootstrapping is recommended when the orientation data is highly dispersed and does not have clearly defined sets; in this case, the entire dataset can be used as the Data source for a DFN Set and bootstrapping is used to define the orientation. Note that bootstrapping can also be applied when the selected Data source is a Set.