1 - Getting Started Tutorial

This tutorial is a simple introductory tutorial that helps you become familiar with the basic modelling and data interpretation features of RocFall3. RocFall3 is a 3D statistical analysis program designed to assist with assessment of slopes at risk for rockfalls.

Topics covered in this tutorial:

• Importing a geometry file
• Defining material and seeder properties
• Applying/editing seeders
• Creating material regions
• Computing
• Interpreting

Finished product:

The finished product of this tutorial can be found in the Tutorial 01 Getting Started.r3DModel data file. All tutorial files installed with RocFall3 can be accessed by selecting File > Recent Folders > Tutorials Folder from the RocFall3 main menu.

Want to watch the video version of the tutorial? Check it out here:

1.0 Model

Start RocFall3 by selecting Programs > Rocscience > RocFall3 > RocFall3 from the Windows Start menu. RocFall3 automatically opens a new blank document, which allows you to begin creating a model immediately. If the RocFall3 application window is not already maximized, maximize it now so the full-screen space is available for use.

1.1 Project Settings

The Project Settings dialog is used to configure the main analysis parameters of the model. To open the dialog, select Project Settings on the toolbar or the Analysis menu. For the tutorial, we'll keep all the default parameters.

1. Select: Analysis > Project Settings

1.1.1 Analysis Type

1. Select the Methods tab.

In RocFall3 there are two Analysis Types to choose from in the Project Settings Methods tab: Lumped Mass and Rigid Body.

• The default method is Lump Mass. With the Lump Mass method, the rocks are assumed to be point masses. We will be using the Lump Mass method for this tutorial.
• The Rigid Body analysis method allows you to define rock shapes. Rock shapes are covered in later tutorials.

1.1.2 Engine Conditions

1. Select the Solver Options tab.

2. For this tutorial, leave the default settings.
3. Click OK.

1.2 Import Geometry

In RocFall3, the slope can be created from a point cloud, imported from a common geometry file, extruded from an existing RocFall2 file, imported from an RS3/Slide3 File or imported from satellite data (Import Terrain). In this tutorial, we're going to import a provided .obj file.

1. Select File > Import > Import Geometry or Geometry > Import/Export > Import Geometry .
2. Navigate to and open the provided Tutorial 01.obj file in the Tutorials Folder. By default the installation program puts the files in: C:\Users\Public\Documents\Rocscience\RocFall3 Examples\Tutorials
3. You will see the Import Geometry dialog, which displays a preview of the geometry. Select the Mesh object and click on Post-Processing.
4. In the Post-Processing step, you can simplify and repair the geometry. The supplied sample geometry file has been modified and fixed for this tutorial. We recommend to perform both simplify and repair on any imported geometry for fast and reliable compute and analysis results.
5. Click Done.
6. You will then be prompted to set the imported surface as the slope. Click Yes.

1.3 Material Properties

1. Select Materials > Define Materials

This opens up the Define Material Properties dialog. The program has 3 built-in materials.

2. Rename the first material to Hard and change the mean Normal Restitution to 0.5 and Tangential Restitution to 0.9.
3. Click on the Stats button for Tangential Restitution and change the Rel. Max to 0.1 so that the range will be from 0.78 to 1.0.

If you click on the All Statistics button it should look similar to the following:

Property	Distribution	Mean	Std. Dev.	Rel. Min.	Rel. Max
Normal Restitution	Normal	0.5	0.04	0.12	0.12
Tangential Restitution	Normal	0.9	0.04	0.12	0.1
Friction Angle (°)	None	30	-	-	-

4. Select the second material and rename it to Soft.
5. Change the mean Normal Restitution to 0.3.
6. Make sure the mean Tangential Restitution is 0.8 and that the standard deviation for the two restitutions are both 0.04 and the relative min and max are all 0.12.
7. Keep the Friction Angle at 30 degrees with no distribution.
8. Click OK.

1.4 Define Material Regions

1. Select Materials > Add New Material Region

You'll notice that we're on the Material Regions tab in the left pane.

2. Select the Soft material property to use and click OK.
3. We're now in the Draw Polyline mode for defining the polygonal region with the Soft material assignment. Roughly trace around the bottom of the pit.
   
   If you want to use the exact values of this model, navigate to and open the provided Tutorial 01 Material Region.txt file in the Tutorial Folder. Select the Edit Table button located on the Draw Polyline Plane and open the Edit Polyline dialog, import the points.
   
4. When you're done, right-click and select Done.

The screen should look like the following:

If you click on the Edit... button in the Properties pane, you can see the points that define this polygon.

Take note that the rest of the slope has the shading of the first (Hard) material. By default, if no material region is assigned, the first slope material is used.

6. Click on the Tree tab in the left pane to get out of the Material Regions definition mode.

1.5 Seeder Properties

1. Select the Seeders workflow tab.
2. Select Seeder > Define Seeder Properties. This opens up the Seeder Properties dialog.
3. For the first seeder, change the Number of Rocks to 200. We'll keep everything else the same, so the rock will be free falling from the seeder location.



4. Click on the Add button to add a new property.
5. In this second property, change the Number of Rocks to 20.
6. In the Initial Velocity tab, enter 1.5 m/s as the Translational Velocity.
7. Click on the Stats button, change the Distribution to Normal and enter a Std. Dev. of 0.3.
8. Click on the 3x button to auto set Rel. Min and Rel. Max at 0.9 (3x std. dev.).
9. Click OK.
10. In the Translational Velocity Orientation dropdown, select Trend/Plunge. Enter a 225 deg Trend Angle. Trend is defined clockwise from the y-axis.
11. Click on the Stats button, change the Distribution to Normal and enter a Std. Dev. of 5.
12. Click on the 3x button to auto set Rel. Min and Rel. Max at 15 (3x std. dev.)
    
    
13. Click OK to save and exit out of the Seeder Properties dialog.

1.6 Add Seeders

For this model, we'll add a line and a point seeder.

1. Select Seeder > Add Line Seeder
2. The Add Line Seeder dialog pops up. Make sure the first seeder property with 200 rocks is selected for Property.
3. Select the Height Above Surface radio button. Enter 5 m.
4. Click on Add Points on Viewport. In the top view, try to trace along the crest of the 2nd uppermost bench on the left and lower left sides (See orange polyline in below image).
   
   
   
   
5. When you're done, right-click and select Done.

The Add Line Seeder dialog should look like the following:

6. Click OK to save and exit out of the Add Line Seeder dialog.

If you want to use the exact values of this model, navigate to and open the provided Tutorial 01 Line Seeder.txt file in the Tutorial Folder, and import the points.

Importing the points:

1. Create a polyline using Geometry > Draw Polyline.
2. In the Draw Polyline plane select the Edit Table button, and then select the Import button located on the bottom-left corner of the dialog.
3. Import the provided file.
4. Close the dialog by clicking Ok, and then right click and select Done.
5. Convert the polyline into a line seeder by selecting the polyline, and then going to Seeder > Add Line Seeder from Polyline.
6. Select height above surface to 5m, and then click Ok to close the Add Line Seeder dialog.

Now let's add the point seeder.

1. Select Seeder > Add Point Seeder.
2. Select Seeder Property 2 in the Property dropdown.
3. Select Enter Coordinates in the Select Point dropdown.
4. Enter the coordinates 160366, 3059160, 2099 in the Coordinates area. Press OK.

2.0 Compute

Now we're ready to compute.

1. Select: Analysis > Compute

3.0 Results

3.1 Path Contours

1. Select the Results workflow tab.

What you see immediately are the rock paths with the translational velocity contours projected.

In the Legend pane on the right, you can select from the drop-down to view other data: rotational velocity, mass, initial velocity, translational kinetic energy, bounce height, runout distances, end point location, path states, etc.

3.2 Endpoint Chart

1. Select: Interpret > Graph Endpoints
2. Click OK in the Graph Endpoints dialog. This plots the horizontal runout distances histogram.
   
3. Close the graph by clicking the X on the view tab.

3.3 Endpoint Chart with Reference Line

In RocFall3, endpoint runout distances can be graphed with respect to a reference polyline.

There are 2 ways to approach this; by selecting a pre-existing polyline, or by drawing a new polyline in the graph endpoints dialog. We will select a pre-existing polyline.

Selecting a pre-existing polyline as reference line.

1. Select Geometry > Draw Polyline.
2. You can draw the line in the viewport, or insert coordinates, we will Insert Coordinates for this example.
3. Select the Edit Table button in the Draw Polyline Pane, and then select the Import button located at the bottom-left corner of the Edit Polyline dialog.
4. Navigate to and open the provided Tutorial 01 Reference Line.txt file in the Tutorials folder. Alternatively, you can save the .txt file by right-clicking the link and selecting Save Link As.
5. Close the dialogs by pressing OK twice, and then right click on the model and select Done to close the polyline.
6. Name the polyline "reference line".
7. Compute the model.
8. Select Interpret > Graph Endpoints.
9. The Graph Endpoints dialog pops up, select the Reference line option, and then select the defined polyline, "reference line".



10. Click Ok, and the distribution of Runout Path histogram is displayed.
    
    
    
    

3.4 Surface Contours

1. Select: Interpret > Create Surface Heat Map

We recommend that you turn off the Rock Path Results using the Toggle Rock Path Results toolbar option.

There are two surface contour modes: Histogram and Heatmap, and two data types: End Points and Impact Points.

For Histograms, you can adjust the resolution of the squares projected on the slope. It's a very helpful tool to see where most of the rocks end up on the slope. With the Impact Points Heatmap, you can see the contact points of the rocks on the slope.

3.5 Rock Path Information

1. Select: Interpret > Rock Path Information

If the option is disabled, you must have turned off the rock paths when looking at the Heat Map. Simply turn on the rock paths again by selecting the Toggle Rock Path results option on the toolbar.

Now select the Rock Path Information option.

Here you can see a tabulated summary of the rock paths. You can sort and/or filter by any of the column headers. For example, click on the Max Kinetic Energy header cell and the table is sorted from lowest Max Kinetic Energy to highest. Click on the header cell again to reverse the sort from the highest Max Kinetic Energy to the lowest.

Next, click on the filter icon in the Seeder header cell (shown below). In the pop-up dialog, select Point Seeder only.

You'll notice that the table and the result views only show the paths from the point seeder. You can clear off the filter by unchecking on the checkbox at the bottom of the table. You can also click on the pencil icon to edit the filter. The filter can also be edited by expanding the Edit Filters option to the left of the table. In the Runout (XY) option at the bottom, you can drag the slider to see only the paths with horizontal runout distances that are inside the range.

To the left of the table, click to expand the Saved Filters option. Click on the Save Filter button at anytime to save the current filter setup for later use.

We'll leave it as an exercise to explore all the customization you can make to this summary table and filter(s).

3.6 Animate

A very useful feature of RocFall3 is the ability to animate the rocks on your slope take as they fall.

By default the actual rock size will be displayed, which can be very small given the size of the model. Therefore we will use a Scale Factor to increase the size of the rocks.

1. Right-click anywhere in the viewports and select Display Options.
2. Select the Rocks Paths tab and set the Rock Size Scaling Mode to Scale Factor. Leave the value as 1 and click OK.
   
3. Select: Interpret > Animate Rocks

You have the option to animate one or all of the rocks at the same time.

This concludes the tutorial. You are now ready for the next tutorial: Terrain Generator and Image Segmentation.