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Excavation
Unwedge can analyze any type of underground excavation which
has a constant 2-dimensional cross-section. The figure below shows
models of a tunnel, power house cavern, vertical circular shaft, and
horizontal drawpoint.
Excavation models – tunnel, cavern, vertical shaft,
drawpoint.
The first step in creating an Unwedge model is to define
the 2-dimensional cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel
or excavation. This cross-section is referred to as the “Opening
Section” in Unwedge.
The Opening Section can be defined by entering x-y coordinates, either
through the keyboard or graphically with the mouse. Or you may import
the coordinates from a DXF file.
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Excavation: Add Opening Section
To define the coordinates of the Opening Section, select the Add Opening
option from the sidebar. Data entry is straightforward CAD style -
you can type the coordinates in the prompt line (at the bottom right
of the screen), or into a data entry table (right click option), or
enter the coordinates graphically by clicking with the mouse.
Defining the Opening Section with the Add Opening option.
Note that circular arc segments or complete circles can easily be
generated with the “arc” command (type “a”
in the prompt line). If you are defining the coordinates graphically,
the Grid and Snap options can help you to define exact coordinates
with the mouse.
As soon as the Opening Section has been defined, Unwedge
automatically generates the 3-dimensional excavation by extruding
the cross-section in the axis direction. This will be visible when
you select the 3D Wedge View. The excavation length is automatically
calculated, based on the size of the longest wedges (in the axis direction).
3-dimensional extrusion of Opening Section.
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Excavation: Import DXF
Alternatively, you may import the coordinates of your Opening Section
directly from a DXF file by selecting the Import DXF option.
Import DXF option.
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Excavation: Editing
If you need to edit the coordinates of the Opening Section after it
has been added, this can very easily be done with the editing options
– Add Vertices, Move Vertices, Delete Vertices. These options
can be selected from the menu or the sidebar. Move and Delete are
also available as convenient right-click menu options, if you right-click
the mouse directly on any vertex of the Opening Section, as illustrated
below.
Right click shortcut to move or delete vertices.
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Excavation: Axis Orientation
The excavation orientation is defined by entering the Trend / Plunge
(Tunnel Axis Orientation) in the Input Data dialog. The Tunnel Axis
Orientation can also be conveniently entered or edited in the sidebar.
Entering the Tunnel Axis Orientation.
You can analyze excavations at any orientation (e.g. horizontal, inclined
or vertical). To analyze a vertical excavation, simply enter a Plunge
= 90 degrees (for example: a vertical shaft, or if the Opening Section
represents a plan view of a horizontal excavation).
To automatically analyze a range of tunnel orientations, you can use
the Tunnel
Axis Plot option.
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