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Modeling
Phase2 incorporates a sophisticated geometry entry interface modeled after the leading CAD packages on the market today. Boundaries representing excavations, materials, joints etc, can be defined in several different ways:
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drawing with the mouse
entering coordinates in a prompt line
entering coordinates in a spreadsheet dialog
importing from a DXF file or other file types
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As with most CAD programs, features such as grids, snapping, undo are all implemented to greatly simplify the process. Any person who has used a CAD program (e.g. Autocad) will have no problem understanding and using the Phase2 geometry modeler.
Graphical entry of excavation boundary
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Modeling: Interactive Editing, Moving and Deleting
Phase2 incorporates state-of-the-art editing tools which allow you to perform simple or complex editing tasks with a few mouse clicks. Boundaries and other entities can be moved, deleted, copied, stretched etc. Convenient right-click shortcuts are available for all editing options, which simplifies editing even further.
Right-click editing of geometry
To see more modeling and editing shortcuts in Phase2, click here.
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Modeling: Boundaries
Several different boundary types are defined in Phase2 for the purpose of creating the model geometry:
All models require an External boundary. Other boundary types are defined as required.
Different boundary types in Phase2
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Modeling: Staging
Staging in Phase2 allows you to model the sequential removal or excavation of material, in as many as 300 separate stages. Support elements such as bolts and liners can also be sequentially added or removed. Since materials and support can behave plastically and fail, the excavation sequence can play an important role in the stability of the underground structure.
Staged model of power cavern excavation, with liner and bolt support
To create a staged model:
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enter the Number of Stages in the Project Settings dialog
define all of the boundaries and support
select the Stage tabs at the bottom of the Phase2 screen and perform the
desired material assignments, excavation, support installation etc., at
each stage.
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Stage tabs at bottom of Phase2 screen
Staging can be applied to most of the modeling features in Phase2. For example, material properties, loads, field stress and groundwater conditions can all be modified on a per stage basis.
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Modeling: DXF Import / Export
Boundaries (and bolts) can be imported into Phase2 from a DXF file with the Import DXF option. Before you import the DXF file, you can select which boundary types you would like to import.
DXF Import dialog
Boundaries can also be exported to a DXF file from Phase2.
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Modeling: Measurement Units
Six different metric and imperial measurement units are available in Phase2. The units are determined by selecting the desired unit of stress measurement in Project Settings. You may select one of the following options:
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Metric units (stress) - MPa, kPa, tonnes/m2
Imperial units (stress) - ksf, psf, tons/ft2
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Project Settings, Units options
All input parameters in the program (e.g. coordinates, material properties, field stress) will correspond to the selected stress measurement unit.
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Modeling: Axisymmetric Analysis
In most cases, a Phase2 model represents a Plane Strain analysis (i.e. a 2-dimensional analysis where it is assumed that the excavation is of "infinite" length in the out-of-plane dimension).
It is possible to carry out a pseudo-3D analysis in Phase2with the Axisymmetric analysis option. A typical use of Axisymmetric analysis is to model the stress and deformation state around the end of a circular tunnel. To enable Axisymmetric modeling, select the Axisymmetric option in Project Settings, and define the External boundary accordingly.
The 3D excavation is defined by a 360 degree rotation of the External boundary around the vertical (x=0) axis.
Deformation contours, axisymmetric model of circular tunnel
For more information see the Axisymmetric Analysis tutorial.
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