Phase2 Tutorials > Liner with Sliding Gap
This tutorial demonstrates how to use the Sliding Gap option for liners in Phase2. This is a specialized option for modeling a type of steel-set support system which is sometimes used in extreme ground squeezing conditions. This type of support system incorporates a freely sliding joint, which allows the steel-set ring to freely close in the circumferential direction, until a pre-determined gap has been closed. After the gap closes, the steel-set ring "locks" and axial load can be transmitted through the liner. This technique allows liners to be installed close to an advancing tunnel face without overloading the liner.
Liner with Sliding Gap (click to view PDF file of tutorial)
Topics Covered in This Tutorial
Liners with Sliding Gap
Simulated three-dimensional tunnel excavation
Staged tractions
Liner axial forces
Graph Single Point vs Stage
Liner failure
Calculation of locking strain for circular steel set liner with two sliding gaps